The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.